1、保(bao)證汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)平穩起步(bu) 這是離(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)器的首(shou)要(yao)(yao)功能。在(zai)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)起步(bu)前,自然要(yao)(yao)先起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。而(er)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)起步(bu)時(shi)(shi)(shi),汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)是從完全靜止的狀(zhuang)態逐(zhu)(zhu)步(bu)加(jia)(jia)速(su)的。如果傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(它(ta)聯系著整(zheng)個汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che))與(yu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)剛(gang)性(xing)地(di)聯系,則(ze)變速(su)器一(yi)掛上(shang)檔,汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)將突然向前沖(chong)一(yi)下(xia),但并(bing)(bing)不(bu)能起步(bu)。這是因為汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)從靜止到(dao)前沖(chong)時(shi)(shi)(shi),產生很大(da)(da)慣性(xing)力,對發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)造(zao)成很大(da)(da)地(di)阻(zu)力矩(ju)。在(zai)這慣性(xing)阻(zu)力矩(ju)作用下(xia),發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)瞬(shun)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)急劇下(xia)降到(dao)最(zui)低穩定轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(一(yi)般300-500RPM)以下(xia),發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)即熄火而(er)不(bu)能工作,當然汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)也不(bu)能起步(bu)。 因此(ci),我們(men)就需要(yao)(yao)離(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)器的幫助了。在(zai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)后,汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)起步(bu)之(zhi)前,駕駛員先踩下(xia)離(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)器踏板(ban),將離(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)器分(fen)離(li)(li),使(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系脫開(kai)(kai),再將變速(su)器掛上(shang)檔,然后逐(zhu)(zhu)漸松(song)開(kai)(kai)離(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)器踏板(ban),使(shi)離(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)器逐(zhu)(zhu)漸接(jie)合(he)(he)(he)。在(zai)接(jie)合(he)(he)(he)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong),發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)所受阻(zu)力矩(ju)逐(zhu)(zhu)漸增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)(da),故應同時(shi)(shi)(shi)逐(zhu)(zhu)漸踩下(xia)加(jia)(jia)速(su)踏板(ban),即逐(zhu)(zhu)步(bu)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)對發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的燃料供(gong)給量,使(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)始終保(bao)持在(zai)最(zui)低穩定轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)上(shang),而(er)不(bu)致熄火。同時(shi)(shi)(shi),由于離(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)器的接(jie)合(he)(he)(he)緊密(mi)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)逐(zhu)(zhu)漸增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)(da),發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)經傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系傳給驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)輪的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)便逐(zhu)(zhu)漸增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia),到(dao)牽引力足以克服起步(bu)阻(zu)力時(shi)(shi)(shi),汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)即從靜止開(kai)(kai)始運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)并(bing)(bing)逐(zhu)(zhu)步(bu)加(jia)(jia)速(su)
2、保證傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)換(huan)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)時(shi)工(gong)(gong)作平(ping)順 2:實(shi)現平(ping)順的(de)(de)換(huan)檔(dang)(dang)(dang) 在汽車(che)行駛過(guo)程(cheng)中,為適應不斷變(bian)化的(de)(de)行駛條件,傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)經(jing)常(chang)要更換(huan)不同(tong)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)位(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)作。實(shi)現齒(chi)輪(lun)式(shi)變(bian)速器的(de)(de)換(huan)檔(dang)(dang)(dang),一(yi)般是撥動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)齒(chi)輪(lun)或其他掛檔(dang)(dang)(dang)機構,使原(yuan)用檔(dang)(dang)(dang)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)某一(yi)齒(chi)輪(lun)副(fu)推出傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),再使另一(yi)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)齒(chi)輪(lun)副(fu)進(jin)入工(gong)(gong)作。在換(huan)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)前必須踩下離合器踏板(ban),中斷動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),便于使原(yuan)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)嚙合副(fu)脫開,同(tong)時(shi)使新(xin)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)位(wei)(wei)嚙合副(fu)的(de)(de)嚙合部(bu)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)速度逐(zhu)步趨向同(tong)步,這樣進(jin)入嚙合時(shi)的(de)(de)沖擊(ji)可以大(da)大(da)的(de)(de)減小,實(shi)現平(ping)順的(de)(de)換(huan)檔(dang)(dang)(dang)。
3、防止傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)過(guo)(guo)載 當汽車(che)進行緊(jin)急制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時,若沒有(you)離(li)(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)器(qi)(qi),則發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)將因(yin)和傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)剛性(xing)連接而急劇降低轉速(su),因(yin)而其中所(suo)有(you)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)件將產生很大(da)(da)的(de)慣(guan)性(xing)力(li)矩(ju)(其數值可能(neng)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)超過(guo)(guo)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)正(zheng)常工作時所(suo)發出的(de)最大(da)(da)扭(niu)(niu)距),對傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)造成超過(guo)(guo)其承載能(neng)力(li)的(de)載荷,而使機(ji)件損(sun)壞。有(you)了離(li)(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)器(qi)(qi),便可以依靠離(li)(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)主動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部分和從動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部分之間可能(neng)產生的(de)相對運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)以消(xiao)除這一危險。因(yin)此,我(wo)們(men)需(xu)要(yao)離(li)(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)來限制傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)所(suo)承受的(de)最大(da)(da)扭(niu)(niu)距,保(bao)證安全。 離(li)(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)可分為:摩擦離(li)(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)器(qi)(qi),或(huo)是利用液體作為傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)介質(zhi)(即(ji)液力(li)偶合(he)(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)),或(huo)是利用磁力(li)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(即(ji)電(dian)磁離(li)(li)(li)合(he)(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)}
離合器撥叉是汽車變速箱的一部分,屬于變速箱附件,主要用于離合器換擋。與變速手柄連接,位于手柄下端,撥動中間變速輪改變輸入輸出速比。撥叉一般是指手動變速箱的汽車,位于變速箱和發動機之間的離合器系統中。
踏板通過傳動系統將力傳遞給撥叉,撥叉推動分離軸承壓下離合器壓盤,將發動機和變速箱之間的動力傳遞分離。離合器接合時,踏板處于最高位置,分離桿和分離軸承之間有間隙δ。壓盤在壓緊彈簧的作用下壓緊從動盤,發動機的扭矩通過飛輪和壓盤傳遞到從動盤,再傳遞到變速器的第一軸。
離合器傳遞的最大扭矩取決于從動盤摩擦面的最大靜摩擦力。它與摩擦表面之間的壓力、摩擦面積和摩擦材料的性能有關。對于具有一定結構的離合器,其最大靜摩擦力是一個固定值。如果傳動系統傳遞的扭矩超過這個固定值,離合器就會打滑,從而起到過載保護的作用。
和一些(xie)自主純(chun)電動車(che)的500-600公里(li)超長續(xu)(xu)航(hang)比(bi)起來,福特(te)領界EV的360公里(li)續(xu)(xu)航(hang)并沒有多么突(tu)出,電池配置上福特(te)領界EV采用了(le)熱穩定(ding)性(xing)、循環性(xing)能表現優(you)異的622電池組,同時(shi)具備優(you)良的電池布局和底部(bu)防護設計(ji),由此看來福特(te)將安全(quan)性(xing)和耐用性(xing)放在首位,至于(yu)如何(he)彌補續(xu)(xu)航(hang)里(li)程不足的問題,福特(te)領界EV推出了(le)“大管家”服務包,用服務解決續(xu)(xu)航(hang)問題。
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