1、保證汽(qi)車(che)(che)平穩起(qi)(qi)(qi)步(bu) 這(zhe)是離(li)(li)(li)(li)合(he)器(qi)的(de)(de)首要功(gong)能(neng)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)汽(qi)車(che)(che)起(qi)(qi)(qi)步(bu)前(qian),自然要先(xian)(xian)起(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。而汽(qi)車(che)(che)起(qi)(qi)(qi)步(bu)時(shi),汽(qi)車(che)(che)是從完全靜(jing)止(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)狀態(tai)逐(zhu)步(bu)加(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)的(de)(de)。如(ru)果傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(它聯系(xi)著(zhu)整個(ge)汽(qi)車(che)(che))與發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)剛性地聯系(xi),則(ze)變(bian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)器(qi)一掛上(shang)檔,汽(qi)車(che)(che)將突然向前(qian)沖(chong)一下,但(dan)并不(bu)(bu)能(neng)起(qi)(qi)(qi)步(bu)。這(zhe)是因(yin)為汽(qi)車(che)(che)從靜(jing)止(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)前(qian)沖(chong)時(shi),產生(sheng)很大(da)慣性力(li)(li)(li),對(dui)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)造(zao)成(cheng)很大(da)地阻力(li)(li)(li)矩(ju)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)慣性阻力(li)(li)(li)矩(ju)作用下,發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)瞬(shun)時(shi)間轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)急(ji)劇下降到(dao)最低穩定(ding)轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(一般300-500RPM)以(yi)(yi)下,發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)即(ji)熄(xi)火而不(bu)(bu)能(neng)工作,當(dang)然汽(qi)車(che)(che)也不(bu)(bu)能(neng)起(qi)(qi)(qi)步(bu)。 因(yin)此(ci),我們就需(xu)要離(li)(li)(li)(li)合(he)器(qi)的(de)(de)幫助了。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)起(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)后(hou),汽(qi)車(che)(che)起(qi)(qi)(qi)步(bu)之(zhi)前(qian),駕駛員先(xian)(xian)踩(cai)下離(li)(li)(li)(li)合(he)器(qi)踏(ta)(ta)板,將離(li)(li)(li)(li)合(he)器(qi)分(fen)離(li)(li)(li)(li),使發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)脫開(kai),再將變(bian)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)器(qi)掛上(shang)檔,然后(hou)逐(zhu)漸(jian)(jian)松(song)開(kai)離(li)(li)(li)(li)合(he)器(qi)踏(ta)(ta)板,使離(li)(li)(li)(li)合(he)器(qi)逐(zhu)漸(jian)(jian)接合(he)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)接合(he)過程(cheng)中,發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)所受阻力(li)(li)(li)矩(ju)逐(zhu)漸(jian)(jian)增(zeng)大(da),故應同(tong)時(shi)逐(zhu)漸(jian)(jian)踩(cai)下加(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)踏(ta)(ta)板,即(ji)逐(zhu)步(bu)增(zeng)加(jia)對(dui)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)燃料供給(gei)量,使發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)始終保持在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)最低穩定(ding)轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)上(shang),而不(bu)(bu)致熄(xi)火。同(tong)時(shi),由于離(li)(li)(li)(li)合(he)器(qi)的(de)(de)接合(he)緊密(mi)程(cheng)度逐(zhu)漸(jian)(jian)增(zeng)大(da),發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)經傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)傳(chuan)給(gei)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)輪的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)矩(ju)便(bian)逐(zhu)漸(jian)(jian)增(zeng)加(jia),到(dao)牽引(yin)力(li)(li)(li)足(zu)以(yi)(yi)克(ke)服起(qi)(qi)(qi)步(bu)阻力(li)(li)(li)時(shi),汽(qi)車(che)(che)即(ji)從靜(jing)止(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)始運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)并逐(zhu)步(bu)加(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)
2、保證傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系換(huan)(huan)(huan)檔(dang)時(shi)(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)平(ping)順 2:實(shi)(shi)現平(ping)順的(de)(de)(de)換(huan)(huan)(huan)檔(dang) 在汽車行駛過程中(zhong),為適應不(bu)斷變化的(de)(de)(de)行駛條件,傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系經常要更換(huan)(huan)(huan)不(bu)同檔(dang)位(wei)工(gong)作(zuo)。實(shi)(shi)現齒(chi)輪(lun)式變速器的(de)(de)(de)換(huan)(huan)(huan)檔(dang),一般是(shi)撥(bo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)齒(chi)輪(lun)或其他掛檔(dang)機構(gou),使(shi)(shi)原用檔(dang)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)某一齒(chi)輪(lun)副(fu)(fu)推出(chu)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),再使(shi)(shi)另一檔(dang)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪(lun)副(fu)(fu)進(jin)入工(gong)作(zuo)。在換(huan)(huan)(huan)檔(dang)前必(bi)須踩(cai)下離合(he)器踏板,中(zhong)斷動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),便于使(shi)(shi)原檔(dang)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)嚙(nie)合(he)副(fu)(fu)脫(tuo)開(kai),同時(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)新檔(dang)位(wei)嚙(nie)合(he)副(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)嚙(nie)合(he)部位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)速度逐步趨向同步,這樣進(jin)入嚙(nie)合(he)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)擊可以大(da)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)減(jian)小,實(shi)(shi)現平(ping)順的(de)(de)(de)換(huan)(huan)(huan)檔(dang)。
3、防(fang)止傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)過載 當汽(qi)車(che)進行(xing)緊(jin)急制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時,若沒有(you)(you)(you)離(li)合器(qi)(qi),則發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)將因(yin)和傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)剛(gang)性連接而(er)急劇降(jiang)低轉速(su),因(yin)而(er)其(qi)中所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)件(jian)將產生(sheng)很大(da)的(de)慣性力矩(其(qi)數值可(ke)(ke)能大(da)大(da)超過發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)正常(chang)工(gong)作(zuo)時所(suo)發(fa)出(chu)的(de)最大(da)扭(niu)(niu)距(ju)),對(dui)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)造成(cheng)超過其(qi)承(cheng)載能力的(de)載荷(he),而(er)使機(ji)件(jian)損壞。有(you)(you)(you)了離(li)合器(qi)(qi),便可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)依靠離(li)合器(qi)(qi)主動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)分和從動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)分之間可(ke)(ke)能產生(sheng)的(de)相對(dui)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)以(yi)(yi)消除這一危險。因(yin)此,我們(men)需要離(li)合器(qi)(qi)來限(xian)制傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)所(suo)承(cheng)受的(de)最大(da)扭(niu)(niu)距(ju),保證安(an)全。 離(li)合器(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)分為(wei):摩(mo)擦離(li)合器(qi)(qi),或(huo)是利用液(ye)(ye)體(ti)作(zuo)為(wei)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)介質(即液(ye)(ye)力偶合器(qi)(qi)),或(huo)是利用磁(ci)力傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(即電磁(ci)離(li)合器(qi)(qi)}
離合器撥叉是汽車變速箱的一部分,屬于變速箱附件,主要用于離合器換擋。與變速手柄連接,位于手柄下端,撥動中間變速輪改變輸入輸出速比。撥叉一般是指手動變速箱的汽車,位于變速箱和發動機之間的離合器系統中。
踏板通過傳動系統將力傳遞給撥叉,撥叉推動分離軸承壓下離合器壓盤,將發動機和變速箱之間的動力傳遞分離。離合器接合時,踏板處于最高位置,分離桿和分離軸承之間有間隙δ。壓盤在壓緊彈簧的作用下壓緊從動盤,發動機的扭矩通過飛輪和壓盤傳遞到從動盤,再傳遞到變速器的第一軸。
離合器傳遞的最大扭矩取決于從動盤摩擦面的最大靜摩擦力。它與摩擦表面之間的壓力、摩擦面積和摩擦材料的性能有關。對于具有一定結構的離合器,其最大靜摩擦力是一個固定值。如果傳動系統傳遞的扭矩超過這個固定值,離合器就會打滑,從而起到過載保護的作用。
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